AppStrap.

Grid System:

Basics

AppStrap includes the powerful mobile-first 12 column flexbox-powered grid system from Bootstrap plus a few extras.

The grid system allows you to alyout content on your pages and alter the layout based on the screenwidth of the page/browser.

---

Mobile-first

Mobile-first means that you consider your default layout to be mobile/small screens and then you progressively enhance it up as the screenwidth increases. This is the approach Bootstrap adopted since version 3 although some media queries do go against this where it makes sense.

---

Flexbox

Since Bootstrap 4 Alplha 6 Bootstrap has Flexbox support by default which makes use of the powerful CSS flexbile box layout module opening up a whole new world of grid power!

Internet Explorer 9 (and below) does not support Flexbox at all but fortunately AppStrap provides built in fallbacks so your AppStrap based sites will look great in Internet Explorer 9 anyway.

You can also choose to "opt out" of using Flexbox with AppStrap by simply adding the following line of code after all the other CSS files are included within the head tags: View code example

<link href="assets/css/no-flexbox.css" rel="stylesheet">

This will override the Bootstrap Flexbox elements and core AppStrap elements so they use display block & floats instead, magic!

---

Grid Structure

Basic struction of a grid is: .container|.container-fluid > .row > .col|col-BREAKPOINT-(1-12)|col-(1-12)

Containers

.container|.container-fluid are wrappers that center the content on the page, .container has fixed pixel widths which vary with the screensize and .container-fluid stretches full width of the screen.

Rows

.row applies the Flexbox properties which should be applied to the .col|col-BREAKPOINT-(1-12)|col-(1-12) elements within it. By default it sets them to show as "rows" aligned side by side.

Columns

.col|col-BREAKPOINT-(1-12)|col-(1-12) elements determine the percentage width to give a column within the grid and at which "breakpoint" that width should be set from.

Grid columns without a set width will automatically layout with equal widths. For example, four instances of .col-sm will each automatically be 25% wide for small breakpoints.

Column classes indicate the number of columns you want to use out of the possible 12 per row. So, if you want three equal-width columns, you can use .col-sm-4. 12 is considered "full width".

If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line.

---

Breakpoints

Breakpoints are the point at which the screenwidth increases or decreases from one recognised point to the next. In AppStrap there are 5 breakpoints you can work with: all breakpoints (extra small), small, medium, large, and extra large.

Breakpoints are based on minimum widths, meaning they apply to that one tier and all those above it For example: .col-sm-4 would apply to small, medium, large, and extra large devices OR .col-md-6 would apply to medium, large & extra large screens only.

You can also mix and match breakpoints so for example your layout might allow 1 column up to medium screens, then 2 columns for medium and 4 columns for large and above screens. ie class="col-12 col-md-6 col-lg-3"

Breakpoint	Shortname	Description	Media queries	Column Class Examples
1. Extra Small (default)	(blank)	Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)	No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap	.col-(1-12)
2. Small	sm	Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)	@media (min-width: 576px) {}	.col-sm-(1-12)
3. Medium	md	Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)	up: @media (min-width: 768px) {} down: @media (max-width: 767px) {}	.col-md-(1-12)
4. Large	lg	Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)	@media (min-width: 992px) {}	.col-lg-(1-12)
5. Extra Large	xl	Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)	@media (min-width: 1200px) {}	.col-xl-(1-12)

---

Auto Column Widths

With the power of Flexbox you can simply use any number of .col elements within a .row element and every column will automatically be made the same width.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col">
      1 of 2
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      1 of 2
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col">
      1 of 3
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      1 of 3
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      1 of 3
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Setting one column width

You can even set the width of one column and Flexbox will automatically resize the other columns around it.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col">
      1 of 3
    </div>
    <div class="col-6">
      2 of 3 (wider)
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      3 of 3
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col">
      1 of 3
    </div>
    <div class="col-5">
      2 of 3 (wider)
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      3 of 3
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Variable width content

Using the col-{breakpoint}-auto classes you can set fixed width columns on one breakpoint and then reset them to their nature width on another breakpoint.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row justify-content-md-center">
    <div class="col col-lg-2">
      1 of 3
    </div>
    <div class="col-12 col-md-auto">
      Variable width content
    </div>
    <div class="col col-lg-2">
      3 of 3
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col">
      1 of 3
    </div>
    <div class="col-12 col-md-auto">
      Variable width content
    </div>
    <div class="col col-lg-2">
      3 of 3
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Equal-width multi-row

Create equal-width columns that span multiple rows by inserting a .w-100 where you want the columns to break to a new line.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col">col</div>
    <div class="col">col</div>
    <div class="w-100"></div>
    <div class="col">col</div>
    <div class="col">col</div>
  </div>
</div>

---

Responsive Layouts

All breakpoints

For grid layouts that are the same from the smallest of devices to the largest, use the .col and .col-* classes.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row mb-3">
    <div class="col">col</div>
    <div class="col">col</div>
    <div class="col">col</div>
    <div class="col">col</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row mb-3">
    <div class="col">col</div>
    <div class="col">col</div>
    <div class="col">col</div>
    <div class="col-6">col-6</div>
  </div>      
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-8">col-8</div>
    <div class="col-4">col-4</div>
  </div>
</div>

Stacked to horizontal

Using a single set of .col-sm-* classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on extra small devices before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm-8">col-sm-8</div>
    <div class="col-sm-4">col-sm-4</div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm">col-sm</div>
    <div class="col-sm">col-sm</div>
    <div class="col-sm">col-sm</div>
  </div>
</div>

Mix it up!

Combine .col-BREAKPOINT-* classes on the same columns to create varying layouts per breakpoint.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width -->
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col col-md-8">.col .col-md-8</div>
    <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div>
  </div>
  
  <!-- 3 equal columns on mobile,  1 wide & 2 small from medium up-->
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col col-md-8">.col-6 .col-md-8</div>
    <div class="col col-md-2">.col-6 .col-md-2</div>
    <div class="col col-md-2">.col-6 .col-md-2</div>
  </div>
  
  <!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop -->
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-6">.col-6</div>
    <div class="col-6">.col-6</div>
  </div>
</div>

---

Alignment

Vertical Alignment/Tools

The following classes applied to any .row elements allows you to control the vertical alignment of columns in a grid.

1. .align-items-start and align-items-BREAKPOINT-start :
   aligns columns to the top ("start").
2. .align-items-end and align-items-BREAKPOINT-end :
   aligns columns to the bottom ("end").
3. .align-items-center and align-items-BREAKPOINT-center :
   aligns columns to the middle ("center").
4. .align-items-stretch and align-items-BREAKPOINT-stretch :
   stretches column to the full height of their row container.

You can also align single columns using the .align-self-start|end|center|stretch and .align-self-BREAKPOINT-start|end|center|stretch classes directly on the column elements.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row align-items-start" style="height: 10rem;">
    <div class="col">
      Align top
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      Align top
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row align-items-center" style="height: 10rem;">
    <div class="col">
      Align center
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      Align center
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row align-items-end" style="height: 10rem;">
    <div class="col">
      Align bottom
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      Align bottom
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row align-items-stretch" style="height: 10rem;">
    <div class="col">
      Stretch full height
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      Stretch full height
    </div>
  </div>
  
  <div class="row" style="height: 10rem;">
    <div class="col align-self-start">
      Single column top
    </div>
    <div class="col align-self-center">
      Single column middle
    </div>
    <div class="col align-self-end">
      Single column bottom
    </div>    
  </div>  
</div>

Horizontal Alignment/Tools

The following classes applied to any .row elements allows you to control the horizontal alignment of columns in a grid.

1. .justify-content-start and justify-content-BREAKPOINT-start :
   aligns columns to the left ("start").
2. .justify-content-end and justify-content-BREAKPOINT-end :
   aligns columns to the right ("end").
3. .justify-content-center and justify-content-BREAKPOINT-center :
   aligns columns to the center ("center").
4. .justify-content-around and justify-content-BREAKPOINT-around :
   centers columns and distributes them evenly.
5. .justify-content-between and justify-content-BREAKPOINT-between :
   stretches columns to the full width of their row container and distributes them evenly.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row justify-content-start">
    <div class="col-4">
      Align left
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      Align left
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-center">
    <div class="col-4">
      Align center
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      Align center
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-end">
    <div class="col-4">
      Align right
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      Align right
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-around">
    <div class="col-4">
      Align even center
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      Align even center
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row justify-content-between">
    <div class="col-4">
      Align even stretch
    </div>
    <div class="col-4">
      Align even stretch
    </div>
  </div>  
</div>

---

No gutters

By default columns have horizontal padding to add space or "gutters" between columns, you can remove this by adding the .no-gutters class to .row elements.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row mb-3">
    <div class="col">
      <div class="bg-light p-2">Gutters</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="bg-light p-2">Gutters</div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row no-gutters">
    <div class="col">
      <div class="bg-light p-2">No Gutters</div>
    </div>
    <div class="col">
      <div class="bg-light p-2">No Gutters</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

---

Column Ordering

Flex order

If you're using Flexbox you can reorder columns without moving them in your code by using these classes: .order-(1-12)

All classes are also responsive: .order-BREAKPOINT-(1-12) so you can change the order per breakpoint too.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col">
      First, but unordered
    </div>
    <div class="col order-12">
      Second, but last
    </div>
    <div class="col order-1">
      Third, but first
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Offsetting columns

Move columns to the right using .m(r|l)-auto classes.

View code example

<div class="container"><div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
  <div class="col-md-4 ml-auto">.col-md-4 .ml-auto</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-md-3 ml-md-auto">.col-md-3 .ml-md-auto</div>
  <div class="col-md-3 ml-md-auto">.col-md-3 .ml-md-auto</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
  <div class="col-auto mr-auto">.col-auto .mr-auto</div>
  <div class="col-auto">.col-auto</div>
</div></div>

---

Grid Nesting

You can "nest" grids within grids by following the .row > .col structure.

View code example

<div class="container">
  <!-- level 1 -->
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-sm-9">
      Level 1: .col-sm-9
      
      <!-- level 2 -->
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-8 col-sm-6">
          Level 2: .col-8 .col-sm-6
          
          <!-- level 3 -->
          <div class="row">
            <div class="col-6">
              Level 3: .col-6
            </div>
            <div class="col-6">
              Level 3: .col-6
            </div>
          </div>          
        </div>
        <div class="col-4 col-sm-6">
          Level 2: .col-4 .col-sm-6
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

---

Grid Styles

Here are some misc. grid style classes you can use to style grids.

.grid-inner-borders-dotted

View code example

<div class="row grid-inner-borders-dotted"><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 1-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Erat gravis ideo tego. Aptent capto distineo et probo sagaciter saluto typicus.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 2-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Ad commodo jugis vulpes. Abluo aliquam amet blandit nutus pecus scisco.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 3-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Abbas at exerci gemino gilvus lobortis luctus pneum populus velit.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 4-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Huic metuo quibus usitas venio.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 5-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Melior natu paulatim saepius vel vereor vindico volutpat zelus.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 6-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Facilisi gilvus persto verto virtus.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div></div>

.grid-inner-borders-solid

View code example

<div class="row grid-inner-borders-solid"><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 1-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Erat gravis ideo tego. Aptent capto distineo et probo sagaciter saluto typicus.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 2-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Ad commodo jugis vulpes. Abluo aliquam amet blandit nutus pecus scisco.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 3-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Abbas at exerci gemino gilvus lobortis luctus pneum populus velit.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 4-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Huic metuo quibus usitas venio.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 5-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Melior natu paulatim saepius vel vereor vindico volutpat zelus.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div><!-- @LINEBREAK -->
  <!--Feedback 6-->
  <div class="col-lg-4 d-lg-flex">
    <blockquote class="d-lg-flex blockquote blockquote-bubble mb-0">
    <p class="blockquote-bubble-content">Facilisi gilvus persto verto virtus.</p>
    <footer class="blockquote-footer">
      <img src="assets/img/team/jimi.jpg" alt="Jimi Bloggs" class="img-circle mr-1">
      Someone famous in 
      <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite>
    </footer>
  </blockquote>
  </div></div>